Understand the Object Dependency and Coupling: When an object needs another object for a required task, then the first object is dependent on the second. For example three objects, namely, X, Y, and Z. If object X is coupled to object Y, and Y is in turn coupled to Z, then object X is effectively coupled to object Z, i.e. it is dependent on Z. This behavior is known as transitivity. There are two ways to couple the objects: Tight Coupling: In this, the objects are not independently reusable and hence are difficult to use effectively in unit test scenarios. Loose Coupling: In this scenario, an object is loosely coupled with another object, and you can change the coupling with ease and can be used easily in unit test scenarios. Dependency Injection (DI): The basic idea behind the Dependency Injection is to have a separate object and "Design must be loosely coupled". Dependency injection eliminates tight coupling between objects to make both the objects and applications ...